2013年3月16日 星期六

世界閱讀日

聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)在1995年11月,正式宣布4月23日定為「世界書香及版權日」(World Book & Copyright Day)(或稱為世界閱讀日),希望藉著這個重要的日子,向大眾(尤其是年青人和兒童)推廣閱讀和寫作,以及宣揚跟閱讀關係密切的版權意識。
為何會把世界閱讀日定在4月23日﹖
4月23日與文學的聯結,在於世界大文豪莎士比亞(William Shakespeare)的生日與忌日都在這一天,《唐吉訶德》作者西班牙知名作家塞萬提斯(Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra),中國南宋著名的理學家兼文學家朱熹,則是在這一天逝世,其他還有許多傑出的作家(如Maurice Druon、K.Laxness、Vladimir Nabokov、Josep Pla和Manuel Mejia Vallejo)也是在4月23日這一天出生或逝世,為了緬懷這些偉大文學家的貢獻,以及對他們的作品表示尊崇,特別將這一天定為「版權日」,同時也是象 徵世界文學的日子,期許大家能徜徉在文學創造的無言之境,品味語言文字的藝術之美。
英國國寶大文豪莎士比亞(William Shakespeare)生於1564年的4月23日,巧於1616年的4月23日辭世,同一天共赴天國的還有另一位西班牙作家米歌‧爾(Miguel De Cervantes)。

西班牙人更早感受這個日子的意義,乃源自中世紀在東北地方的加泰隆尼亞(Catalonia) ,4月23日為「聖喬治屠龍紀念日」。勇士聖喬治屠龍救公主,將龍血化成的紅玫瑰遞送公主,並獲回贈書冊,象徵知識與力量。傳至今時每逢4月23日這書節 慶,到處是大小書市及街頭節目,買書的人都獲贈玫瑰。

這些都是西方文學的象徵、歐洲浪漫的典故。
藉由『世界閱讀日』請大家關注閱讀、出版及智慧權益的發展,籲請各成員國的學校、圖書館、出版社及其他非營利組織,多多舉辦各種活動,以喚起世人重拾閱讀 的興趣及對著作版權的重視。尤其當今多媒體閱讀型態並存,更須體認書寫、書本、閱讀,永遠是自省思維、溝通內涵的必須工具。

推動這個活動以來,歐洲、美洲、澳洲等地區的一些城市都作出響應,如圖書館的成立、出版漫畫教育年輕人認識版權、畫家義賣捐助殘障兒童、大型出版社捐書給 學校、慈善團體及非營利組織捐書給醫院、監獄、圖書館等。亞洲地區也有少數地區應節辦活動,但仍以折扣優惠促銷書為主。

Universal Decimal Classification System

Universal Decimal Classification System

0Generalities
00Prolegomena. Fundamentals of Knowledge and Culture
004Computer science
005Management
01Bibliography
02Librarianship
030Encyclopaedias. General Reference Works
050Serial Publications. Periodicals
06Organizations and Associations
069Museums
070Newspapers. Journalism
08Polygraphies. Collective Works
09Manuscripts. Rare and Remarkable Works
1Philosophy. Psychology
101Nature and role of Philosophy
11Metaphysics
13Philosophy of mind and spirit
14Philosophical systems
159.9Psychology
16Logic. Epistemology. Theory of Knowledge
17Moral Philosophy. Ethics
2Religion. Theology
21Prehistoric and Primitive Religions
22Religions of The Far East
23Religions of The Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism. Jainism. Sikhism
24Buddhism
25Religions of Antiquity. Minor Cults and Religions
252Religions of Mesopotamia
254Religions of Iran
257Religions of Europe
26Judaism
27Christianity
271Eastern church
272/279Western Church
272Roman Catholic church
274/278Protestant churches
28Islam
282Sunnite Islam
284Shi'ite Islam
285Babi-Baha'i
29Modern Spiritual Movements
3Social Sciences
304Social questions. Social practice.
308Sociography. Descriptive studies of society
311Statistics
314Demography
316Sociology
32Politics
321Forms of political organization. States as political power
323Home affairs. Internal policy
324Elections. Plebiscites. Referendums
327International relations
328Parliaments. Congresses. Representation of The people. Governments
329Political parties and Movements
33Economics
331Labour. Employment. Work. Labour Economics. Organization of labour.
336Finance
338Economic policy. Management of The economy. Production. Services. Prices
339Trade. Commerce. International economic relations. World economy
34Law. Jurisprudence
341International law
342Public law. Constitutional law. Administrative law
343Criminal law
343.9Criminology
347Civil law
35Public Administration. Government
352/354Levels of administration. Local, regional, central administration
355/359Military Science
36Safeguarding The Mental and Material Necessities of Life
364Social Welfare
368Insurance. Communal provision through sharing of risk
37Education
371Organization of educational and training system. School organization
374Education and training out of school. Further education
378Higher education. Universities. Academic study
379.8Leisure
39Ethnology. Folklore
391Costume
392Customs, manners, usage in private life
393Death. Treatment of corpses. Funerals. Death rites
394Public life. Social life. Life of The people
395Social ceremonial. Etiquette. Good manners
398Folklore in The strict sense.
396Feminism
5Mathematics and Natural Sciences
502/504Environmental Sciences. Conservation of natural resources. Threats to The environment and protection
51Mathematics
52Astronomy
528Geodesy, cartography
529Chronology
53Physics
54Chemistry
548Crystallography
549Mineralogy
55Earth Sciences
551.5Meteorology. Climatology
551.7Stratigraphy
552Petrology
553Economic geology
556Hydrology
56Palaeontology
57Biological Sciences
572Anthropology
573General biology
574Ecology
575Genetics
576Cytology
577Biochemistry. Biophysics
578Virology
579Microbiology
58Botany
59Zoology
6Applied Sciences. Medicine. Technology
61Medicine
619Veterinary medicine
62Engineering. Technology in General
621Mechanical engineering
621.3Electrical engineering
621.38Electronics
622Mining
623Military engineering
624Civil engineering
625.1/.5Railway engineering
625.7/.8Highway engineering
626/627Hydraulic engineering
628Public health engineering
629Vehicle engineering
63Agricultural Sciences
630Forestry
631/634Farm management. Plant husbandry
635Horticulture
636/638Animal husbandry
639Hunting. Fishing
64Home Economics
641/642Cookery
643/649Household equipment and management
65Management
651Office management
654Telecommunications
655Printing. Publishing. Book Trade
656Transport and Postal Services
657Accountancy
659Publicity. Advertising. Public relations
66Chemical Technology
669Metallurgy
67/68Industries, Crafts and Trades
69Building
7The Arts
71Regional Planning
72Architecture
73Plastic Arts
74Drawing
745/749Applied Arts
75Painting
76Graphic Arts
77Photography
78Music
79Recreation. Entertainment. Games. Sport
791Cinema. Films (Motion Pictures)
792Theatre
793Dance
794Board and table games
796/799Sport
8Language. Linguistics. Literature
80Philology
81Linguistics
811Individual languages
82Literature
821Literature of individual languages
9Geography. Biography. History
902Archaeology
903Prehistory
904Cultural remains of historical times
908Area Studies
91Geography
929Biography
929.5Genealogy
929.6Heraldry
93/99History
930Science of history. Ancillary historical Sciences
930.1History as a science. Theory and Philosophy of history
930.25Archivistics. Archives. Public records
930.27Epigraphy. Palaeography
94General History (Subdivision by auxiliaries of place - Table 1e, time - Table 1g and ethnic grouping - Table 1f)
94(100)History of The world
94(3)History of The ancient world
94(4)History of Europe
94(5)History of Asia
94(6)History of Africa
94(7/8)History of The Americas
94(9)History of Oceania, The Polar regions, Australasia, etc.